savoir
to know (a fact)Irregularਇਹ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਨਿਯਮ ਨਹੀਂ ਮੰਨਦੀ — ਹਰ ਰੂਪ ਵੱਖਰਾ ਯਾਦ ਕਰਨਾ ਪੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ।
| Person | Presentnow, habits | Passé composécompleted past | Imparfaitongoing past | Futur procheabout to | Futur simplewill |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| je | saissounds the same as another form in this tense | ai su | savaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vais savoir | sauraisounds the same as another form in this tense |
| tu | saissounds the same as another form in this tense | as susounds the same as another form in this tense | savaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vas savoirsounds the same as another form in this tense | saurassounds the same as another form in this tense |
| il/elle | saitsounds the same as another form in this tense | a susounds the same as another form in this tense | savaitsounds the same as another form in this tense | va savoirsounds the same as another form in this tense | saurasounds the same as another form in this tense |
| nous | savons | avons su | savions | allons savoir | sauronssounds the same as another form in this tense |
| vous | savez | avez su | saviez | allez savoir | saurezsounds the same as another form in this tense |
| ils/elles | savent | ont su | savaientsounds the same as another form in this tense | vont savoir | saurontsounds the same as another form in this tense |
Now, and habits. sais covers both "I know (a fact)" and "I am know (a fact)ing" — French has no separate continuous form.
A completed past action. avoir conjugates and su does not — ai su.
An ongoing or habitual past. Built on the nous-present stem, so savons gives you savais.
About to happen. aller conjugates; savoir never moves — the easier future to produce under pressure.
Will happen. Built on saur- — not the infinitive savoir. The conditional reuses this stem.
What this table tells you about savoir
The past participle is su, and it takes avoir in the passé composé — so it never changes shape, whoever the subject is. No agreement to remember here.
The futur simple is built on saur-, which is not the infinitive savoir. This stem has to be learned, and it is the same one the conditional uses later.
In the present, je, tu and il/elle are one sound: sais, sait — indistinguishable spoken. Only nous, vous and ils/elles carry an audible ending.
The imparfait is built on the nous-present stem, so once you know savons you already know savais, savait and savaient. Futur proche keeps savoir untouched.