espérer
to hopeStem-changing -erਲਿਖਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਟੈਮ ਬਦਲਦਾ ਹੈ, ਪਰ nous ਅਤੇ vous ਨੂੰ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਬਾਕੀ ਰੂਪ ਇੱਕੋ ਜਿਹੇ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਨ।
| Person | Presentnow, habits | Passé composécompleted past | Imparfaitongoing past | Futur procheabout to | Futur simplewill |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| je | espèresounds the same as another form in this tense | ai espéré | espéraissounds the same as another form in this tense | vais espérer | espéreraisounds the same as another form in this tense |
| tu | espèressounds the same as another form in this tense | as espérésounds the same as another form in this tense | espéraissounds the same as another form in this tense | vas espérersounds the same as another form in this tense | espérerassounds the same as another form in this tense |
| il/elle | espèresounds the same as another form in this tense | a espérésounds the same as another form in this tense | espéraitsounds the same as another form in this tense | va espérersounds the same as another form in this tense | espérerasounds the same as another form in this tense |
| nous | espérons | avons espéré | espérions | allons espérer | espéreronssounds the same as another form in this tense |
| vous | espérez | avez espéré | espériez | allez espérer | espérerezsounds the same as another form in this tense |
| ils/elles | espèrentsounds the same as another form in this tense | ont espéré | espéraientsounds the same as another form in this tense | vont espérer | espérerontsounds the same as another form in this tense |
Now, and habits. espère covers both "I hope" and "I am hopeing" — French has no separate continuous form.
A completed past action. avoir conjugates and espéré does not — ai espéré.
An ongoing or habitual past. Built on the nous-present stem, so espérons gives you espérais.
About to happen. aller conjugates; espérer never moves — the easier future to produce under pressure.
Will happen. Built on espérer-, which is just the infinitive, so only the endings are new.
What this table tells you about espérer
The past participle is espéré, and it takes avoir in the passé composé — so it never changes shape, whoever the subject is. No agreement to remember here.
The futur simple is built on espérer-, which is just the infinitive — the endings are the whole story, nothing new to learn for this tense.
In both the present and the imparfait, je, tu, il/elle and ils/elles are one sound: espère, espères, espèrent — indistinguishable spoken. Only nous and vous carry an audible ending.
The imparfait is built on the nous-present stem, so once you know espérons you already know espérais, espérait and espéraient. Futur proche keeps espérer untouched.