refuser
to refuseRegular -erje, tu, il ਅਤੇ ils ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਇੱਕੋ ਜਿਹੇ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਨ — -e, -es ਅਤੇ -ent ਸਾਰੇ ਚੁੱਪ ਹਨ। ਸਿਰਫ਼ nous (-ons) ਅਤੇ vous (-ez) ਵੱਖਰੇ ਸੁਣਾਈ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ।
| Person | Presentnow, habits | Passé composécompleted past | Imparfaitongoing past | Futur procheabout to | Futur simplewill |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| je | refusesounds the same as another form in this tense | ai refusé | refusaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vais refuser | refuseraisounds the same as another form in this tense |
| tu | refusessounds the same as another form in this tense | as refusésounds the same as another form in this tense | refusaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vas refusersounds the same as another form in this tense | refuserassounds the same as another form in this tense |
| il/elle | refusesounds the same as another form in this tense | a refusésounds the same as another form in this tense | refusaitsounds the same as another form in this tense | va refusersounds the same as another form in this tense | refuserasounds the same as another form in this tense |
| nous | refusons | avons refusé | refusions | allons refuser | refuseronssounds the same as another form in this tense |
| vous | refusez | avez refusé | refusiez | allez refuser | refuserezsounds the same as another form in this tense |
| ils/elles | refusentsounds the same as another form in this tense | ont refusé | refusaientsounds the same as another form in this tense | vont refuser | refuserontsounds the same as another form in this tense |
Now, and habits. refuse covers both "I refuse" and "I am refuseing" — French has no separate continuous form.
A completed past action. avoir conjugates and refusé does not — ai refusé.
An ongoing or habitual past. Built on the nous-present stem, so refusons gives you refusais.
About to happen. aller conjugates; refuser never moves — the easier future to produce under pressure.
Will happen. Built on refuser-, which is just the infinitive, so only the endings are new.
What this table tells you about refuser
The past participle is refusé, and it takes avoir in the passé composé — so it never changes shape, whoever the subject is. No agreement to remember here.
The futur simple is built on refuser-, which is just the infinitive — the endings are the whole story, nothing new to learn for this tense.
In both the present and the imparfait, je, tu, il/elle and ils/elles are one sound: refuse, refuses, refusent — indistinguishable spoken. Only nous and vous carry an audible ending.
The imparfait is built on the nous-present stem, so once you know refusons you already know refusais, refusait and refusaient. Futur proche keeps refuser untouched.