lancer
to launch, to throwStem-changing -erਲਿਖਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਟੈਮ ਬਦਲਦਾ ਹੈ, ਪਰ nous ਅਤੇ vous ਨੂੰ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਬਾਕੀ ਰੂਪ ਇੱਕੋ ਜਿਹੇ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਨ।
| Person | Presentnow, habits | Passé composécompleted past | Imparfaitongoing past | Futur procheabout to | Futur simplewill |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| je | lancesounds the same as another form in this tense | ai lancé | lançaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vais lancer | lanceraisounds the same as another form in this tense |
| tu | lancessounds the same as another form in this tense | as lancésounds the same as another form in this tense | lançaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vas lancersounds the same as another form in this tense | lancerassounds the same as another form in this tense |
| il/elle | lancesounds the same as another form in this tense | a lancésounds the same as another form in this tense | lançaitsounds the same as another form in this tense | va lancersounds the same as another form in this tense | lancerasounds the same as another form in this tense |
| nous | lançons | avons lancé | lancions | allons lancer | lanceronssounds the same as another form in this tense |
| vous | lancez | avez lancé | lanciez | allez lancer | lancerezsounds the same as another form in this tense |
| ils/elles | lancentsounds the same as another form in this tense | ont lancé | lançaientsounds the same as another form in this tense | vont lancer | lancerontsounds the same as another form in this tense |
Now, and habits. lance covers both "I launch, to throw" and "I am launch, to throwing" — French has no separate continuous form.
A completed past action. avoir conjugates and lancé does not — ai lancé.
An ongoing or habitual past. Built on the nous-present stem, so lançons gives you lançais.
About to happen. aller conjugates; lancer never moves — the easier future to produce under pressure.
Will happen. Built on lancer-, which is just the infinitive, so only the endings are new.
What this table tells you about lancer
The past participle is lancé, and it takes avoir in the passé composé — so it never changes shape, whoever the subject is. No agreement to remember here.
The futur simple is built on lancer-, which is just the infinitive — the endings are the whole story, nothing new to learn for this tense.
In both the present and the imparfait, je, tu, il/elle and ils/elles are one sound: lance, lances, lancent — indistinguishable spoken. Only nous and vous carry an audible ending.
lancer softens its stem before a hard vowel, which is why the imparfait reads lançais but lancions. The change follows the ending, not the stem — nous is always the exception.